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WPWhite Paper
In internal review·16–20 pages

The 5 Pitfalls of HPC/AI Cluster Design

Recurring mistakes in GPU sizing, storage IOPS, networking, schedulers, and operations staffing

Optiscale Senior Engineering Team · Scheduled for 2026 Q2

01Abstract

Overview

Drawing on involvement in RFPs, deployment, and operations across some 30 domestic HPC/AI infrastructure projects, this paper lays out the five most recurring design and operations pitfalls alongside measurable criteria. For each pitfall, it provides checklist items and verification benchmarks that can head off the problem at the RFP stage.

02Chapters

Contents

  1. 01

    GPU sizing — judging on TFLOPS alone costs you 50% more

    Three-axis sizing per workload: memory bandwidth, NVLink topology, and power efficiency. H100/H200/B200 comparison table.

  2. 02

    Errors in estimating storage IOPS

    For AI training datasets, metadata ops are more decisive than sequential bandwidth. The impact of NSD separation.

  3. 03

    Network bottlenecks — fat-tree blocking ratio

    ECMP collisions on NCCL collectives. The difference rail-optimized + adaptive routing makes.

  4. 04

    Divergent intent in scheduler policy

    How backfill can indefinitely defer short jobs. The pitfalls of Slurm priority and fair-share settings.

  5. 05

    Estimating operations staffing — the Year-3 cliff

    Cases that omit the 8–12%/year operations-cost assumption. The savings automation delivers.

03Takeaways

What you will take away

  • 5 sets of verification criteria you can apply immediately when writing an RFP
  • An evaluation sheet for objectively comparing vendor proposals
  • A checklist of cost and staffing items frequently missed at the operations stage
The 5 Pitfalls of HPC/AI Cluster Design | Optiscale